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避坑指南｜Oracle RAC 补丁安装踩坑实录，你中招几个？
大家好，这里是公众号 DBA学习之路，分享一些学习数据库路上的知识和经验。 @TOC目录 上篇文章 《Oracle RAC 触发 BUG，crsd 无限重启！》https://www.modb.pro/db/190400
2025年3月26日阅读—点赞—收藏—
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大家好，这里是公众号 DBA学习之路，分享一些学习数据库路上的知识和经验。
前言
本章目标：掌握本章核心知识点 前置要求：完成前序章节学习 预计时长：60 分钟
上篇文章 《Oracle RAC 触发 BUG，crsd 无限重启！》 中提到通过安装补丁 Patch 34762026 解决集群故障，但由于篇幅限制未详细展开补丁安装过程。
不少读者留言咨询具体操作细节，恰巧我在实际安装过程中也踩了不少“坑”：从环境预检的隐藏雷区到 OPatch 的版本陷阱，补丁依赖的连环套问题。
本文将结合实战经验，手把手拆解补丁安装全流程，顺便给大家避避坑（点个关注不迷路~），希望大家后续遇到同样问题可以顺利解决！
下载补丁
下载 BUG 所需补丁 Patch 24396050: LNX64-12.2-CRS: CRSD.BIN FAILED SEVERAL TIMES WITH ERROR CRS-1019
本文所需补丁我已经整理上传百度网盘，如有需要可关注公众号：DBA学习之路，公众号聊天框发送 24396050 获取对应补丁。
安装过程
安装补丁第一步都建议大家查看补丁自带的 README 文件，其中会详细的告知你补丁安装的步骤以及前置准备等信息。
检查 OPatch
通过查看补丁 README：You must use the OPatch utility version 12.2.0.1.5 or later to apply this patch. ，要求 OPatch 版本要大于 12.2.0.1.5，这里一上来我就踩了个坑。
检查当前 OPatch 补丁是否符合要求：
1[grid@lucifer01 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/2[grid@lucifer01 OPatch]$ ./opatch version3OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.645OPatch succeeded.一看这里符合要求，我就没管了，然后我就踩坑了。
坑一
如果不更新 OPatch，直接应用补丁，报错内容如下：
1Opatchauto in 12.2 requires the creation of a wallet file with password for owner of grid software on all nodes.23Failure of specifying wallet would result into the below errors :45OPATCHAUTO-68021: Missing required argument(s).6OPATCHAUTO-68021: The following argument(s) are required: [-wallet]7OPATCHAUTO-68021: Provide the required argument(s).只有更新 OPatch 到 12.2.0.1.8 之后才不会需要 -wallet 选项，否则强制需要，可参考 MOS 文档：
Creation of opatchauto wallet in 12.2 in 12.2.0.1.8 (Doc ID 2270185.1)
经验一：不管 README 要求最低版本是多少，都建议将 OPatch 都升级到最新版本。
更新 OPatch
下载最新的 OPatch 包并更新，所有节点均需执行：
1## 需要使用 root 用户先授予补丁包 grid 用户权限2[root@lucifer01:/root]# chown -R grid:oinstall /soft/3## grid 用户执行4[grid@lucifer02:/home/grid]$ unzip -qo /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME5[grid@lucifer02:/home/grid]$ unzip -qo /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME更新后查看 opatch 版本：
1[grid@lucifer01:/home/grid]$ opatch version2OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.4534OPatch succeeded.56[grid@lucifer02:/home/grid]$ opatch version7OPatch Version: 12.2.0.1.4589OPatch succeeded.确保 OPatch 已更新到最新版本，否则会遇到坑一。
解压 24396050 补丁包
下载后的补丁包上传到主机目录下，解压到指定目录：
1## root 执行2[root@lucifer01:/root]# unzip -q /soft/p24396050_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip -d /soft/3[root@lucifer01:/root]# chown -R grid:oinstall /soft/解压后建议授权为 grid 用户，避免后续操作权限问题。
安装前检查
grid 补丁建议使用 opatchauto 进行安装，然而 opatchauto 需要使用 root 用户执行，所以需要提前指定环境变量：
1## root 执行2[root@lucifer01:/root]# export GI_HOME=/u01/app/12.2.0/grid建议在正式安装前执行检查（所有节点都需执行），避免安装过程中出现问题，这一步又遇到两个坑，先坑为敬。
坑二
这个坑是因为在 /root 目录下执行 opatchauto 命令报错：
1[root@lucifer01:/root]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze23Invalid current directory. Please run opatchauto from other than '/root' and '/' directory.4And check if the home owner user has write permission set for the current directory.5opatchauto returns with error code = 2建议在补丁目录下执行：
1[root@lucifer01:/root]# cd /soft/243960502[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze经验二：执行补丁安装时，建议在补丁解压所在目录执行。
坑三
因为数据库主机系统版本是 rhel8.10，而 Oracle 12CR2 刚发布时不支持 rhel8.10，所以打这个补丁需要设置 CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.8，否则会执行报错：
1Shared home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid can only be patched in nonrolling mode.23OPATCHAUTO-72030: Execution mode invalid.4OPATCHAUTO-72030: Cannot execute in rolling mode, as CRS home is shared.5OPATCHAUTO-72030: Execute in non-rolling mode.设置之后即可执行成功，具体可参考 MOS 文档：
Prepare for and Top Issues of RU Patching via "opatchauto apply" and "opatchauto resume" in Different User Environment (Doc ID 2840546.1)
- Issue #7 OPATCHAUTO-72030: Cannot execute in rolling mode, as CRS home is shared
解决完以上两个坑之后，顺利执行预检查过程：
1## 节点一2[root@lucifer01:/soft/24396050]# export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.83[root@lucifer01:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze45OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Mar 25 14:32:12 202567System initialization log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2025-03-25_02-32-14PM.log.89Session log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2025-03-25_02-32-21PM.log10The id for this session is PPD41112Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid13Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid1415Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid16Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid1718OPatchAuto successful.1920--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------2122Analysis for applying patches has completed successfully:2324Host:lucifer0125CRS Home:/u01/app/12.2.0/grid26Version:12.2.0.1.02728==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY analyzed to be applied:2930Patch: /soft/24396050/2439605031Log: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2025-03-25_14-32-25PM_1.log3233OPatchauto session completed at Tue Mar 25 14:32:28 202534Time taken to complete the session 0 minute, 16 seconds3536## 节点二37[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.838[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME -analyze3940OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Mar 25 14:42:25 20254142System initialization log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2025-03-25_02-42-26PM.log.4344Session log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2025-03-25_02-42-34PM.log45The id for this session is HPWC4647Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid48Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid4950Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid51Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid5253OPatchAuto successful.5455--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------5657Analysis for applying patches has completed successfully:5859Host:lucifer0260CRS Home:/u01/app/12.2.0/grid61Version:12.2.0.1.06263==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY analyzed to be applied:6465Patch: /soft/24396050/2439605066Log: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2025-03-25_14-42-39PM_1.log6768OPatchauto session completed at Tue Mar 25 14:42:41 202569Time taken to complete the session 0 minute, 17 seconds检查没有问题，正式进行补丁安装。
安装补丁
安装补丁时需要 root 用户执行，所以需要提前指定环境变量：
1## root 执行2[root@lucifer01:/root]# export GI_HOME=/u01/app/12.2.0/grid然后执行安装补丁：
1## 节点一2[root@lucifer01:/soft/24396050]# export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.83[root@lucifer01:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME45OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Mar 25 14:35:47 202567System initialization log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2025-03-25_02-35-49PM.log.89Session log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2025-03-25_02-35-56PM.log10The id for this session is 1V5S1112Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid13Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid1415Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid16Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid1718Performing prepatch operations on CRS - bringing down CRS service on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid19Prepatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/lucifer01/crsconfig/crspatch_lucifer01_2025-03-25_02-36-05PM.log20CRS service brought down successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid2122Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid23Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid2425Running rootadd_rdbms.sh on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid26Successfully executed rootadd_rdbms.sh on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid2728Performing postpatch operations on CRS - starting CRS service on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid29Postpatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/lucifer01/crsconfig/crspatch_lucifer01_2025-03-25_02-38-35PM.log30CRS service started successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid3132OPatchAuto successful.3334--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------3536Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:3738Host:lucifer0139CRS Home:/u01/app/12.2.0/grid40Version:12.2.0.1.041Summary:4243==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:4445Patch: /soft/24396050/2439605046Log: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2025-03-25_14-38-02PM_1.log4748OPatchauto session completed at Tue Mar 25 14:40:57 202549Time taken to complete the session 5 minutes, 10 seconds5051## 节点二52[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL7.853[root@lucifer02:/soft/24396050]# $GI_HOME/OPatch/opatchauto apply /soft/24396050 -oh $GI_HOME5455OPatchauto session is initiated at Tue Mar 25 14:43:47 20255657System initialization log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchautodb/systemconfig2025-03-25_02-43-49PM.log.5859Session log file is /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/opatchauto2025-03-25_02-43-56PM.log60The id for this session is PWUR6162Executing OPatch prereq operations to verify patch applicability on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid63Patch applicability verified successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid6465Executing patch validation checks on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid66Patch validation checks successfully completed on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid6768Performing prepatch operations on CRS - bringing down CRS service on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid69Prepatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/lucifer02/crsconfig/crspatch_lucifer02_2025-03-25_02-44-04PM.log70CRS service brought down successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid7172Start applying binary patch on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid73Binary patch applied successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid7475Running rootadd_rdbms.sh on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid76Successfully executed rootadd_rdbms.sh on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid7778Performing postpatch operations on CRS - starting CRS service on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid79Postpatch operation log file location: /u01/app/grid/crsdata/lucifer02/crsconfig/crspatch_lucifer02_2025-03-25_02-45-49PM.log80CRS service started successfully on home /u01/app/12.2.0/grid8182OPatchAuto successful.8384--------------------------------Summary--------------------------------8586Patching is completed successfully. Please find the summary as follows:8788Host:lucifer0289CRS Home:/u01/app/12.2.0/grid90Version:12.2.0.1.091Summary:9293==Following patches were SUCCESSFULLY applied:9495Patch: /soft/24396050/2439605096Log: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto/core/opatch/opatch2025-03-25_14-45-18PM_1.log9798OPatchauto session completed at Tue Mar 25 14:47:23 202599Time taken to complete the session 3 minutes, 36 seconds执行完成后查看补丁是否安装完成：
1[grid@lucifer01:/home/grid]$ opatch lspatches224396050;OCW Interim patch for 2439605034OPatch succeeded.56[grid@lucifer02:/home/grid]$ opatch lspatches724396050;OCW Interim patch for 2439605089OPatch succeeded.安装补丁后重启系统验证集群恢复正常。
写在最后
避坑重点：90% 的安装失败源于准备工作不充分！你在打补丁时还遇到过哪些“神坑”？欢迎评论区分享！